what foods are good to lower blood sugar Blood Sugar Monitor Fasting Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar MBA.
Glucose ranges rise after meals for an hour or two by a quantity of grams and are usually lowest within the morning, before the primary meal of the healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar day The morning levels are the lowest since it follows round 6 to 8 hours of fasting throughout the night The Guardian Connect System received its FDA approval within the 12 months 2018 The sensor is implanted underneath the pores and skin, and the transmitter is installed healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar on the top.
A meter can inform you what How To Reduce Blood Sugar Level Immediately healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar your levels are in about 5 seconds Another option is by taking an oral glucose tolerance check , which smarties for blood sugar lows takes longer but may provide more correct outcomes A person s individual stage will rely upon many elements including how old they are, their ethnicity, their weight and who does cinnamon lower blood sugar .
top, and the exercise they ve performed just lately Blood sugar ranges could be checked by pricking a finger to get a drop of blood and placing it on a glucose meter.
The causes of diabetes continues to be a mystery, pancreas it the organ whose defect causes diabetes Asymptomatic DM, a stage by jeffree star makeup blood sugar which no obvious clinical signs and symptoms of the illness are current but blood glucose measurements are irregular Because diabetes mellitus isn t a single illness but quite a fancy constellation of syndromes, every affected person has a singular response to the disease process Pathologic adjustments within the small blood vessels Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar serving the kidney lead to nephrosclerosis, pyelonephritis, and other problems that ultimately end in healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar renal failure.
These healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar could include nausea, vomiting, dizziness on arising, intoxication, delirium, coma, or death Patients with DM typically additionally sustain contaminated ulcerations of the ft, which may lead to osteomyelitis and the need for amputation The physiology and therapy of diabetes are advanced and require a massive number of interventions for successful disease management Diabetic schooling and patient engagement are important in administration Patients have better outcomes if they will handle their food plan , exercise frequently , and independently monitor glucose Lifelong therapy is commonly essential to prevent undesirable issues.
Healthcare professionals ought to .
take an lively approach to teach patients with DM It is misguided for patients to assume that way of life adjustments for a restricted time are appropriate, and instead, lifelong lifestyle changes may be needed to control their DM adequately Those with gestational diabetes are at a higher threat for cesarean delivery and chronic hypertension Pregnant sufferers with T2DM typically have a better prognosis in phrases of neonatal and being pregnant issues in comparison with those with T1DM Generally, neonates of DM mothers will current with hypoglycemia and macrosomia.
Strive for a food regimen of mostly entire foods filled with loads of vegetation and more low glycemic foods than excessive If and if you do decide to eat higher glycemic carbs, pair them with protein and some fiber to assist decelerate your glucose response Sugar moving into your cells from your blood from storage is definitely what offers you the energy to maneuver Normal postprandial blood sugar stage is between 70 and 199 mg dl or 39 to 109 mmol l where 199 mg dl 109 mmol l is a borderline value and will already indicate diabetes We randomly check my four yr old daughters glucose and it has by no means been under 7 mmol L My family has a powerful history of diabetes and I had gestational diabetes together with her brother and sister, but not after I was pregnant with her.
These nutrients are important for stabilizing blood sugars and stopping heart illness When purchasing nut butter, at all times learn the ingredients list on the vitamin label as many manufacturers tend to add sugar to their nut butter Choose an possibility that solely has nuts or healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar nuts and salt because the components No matter when you ate last, a random blood sugar level of 200 mg dL or greater suggests diabetes Feeling tired could additionally be the commonest early sign of excessive blood sugar, Dr Hatipoglu says Someone who has been recognized with diabetes will be acquainted with the way it feels to have hyperglycemia.
Carlee Hayes, RDN Lead Dietitian for NutriSense Registered Dietitian Nutritionist who makes a speciality of bariatric vitamin therapy and weight loss Holiday drinks aren t always wholesome, however you ll have the ability to bask in a few of our seasonal favorites with out ruining your well being by making a couple of modifications and practicing moderation Learn tips on how to tell a variety of the most outstanding indicators of healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age blood sugar imbalances healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar and what could be inflicting them Learn concerning the health advantages of beans and how they may help you reside a healthier, longer life No matter which exercise you like, these tips will allow you to keep fit and healthy while dwelling with polycystic ovary syndrome Frequent and huge blood sugar fluctuations can have a whole host of negative downstream effects in your physique.
This permits for a more accurate evaluation of what type of glasses prescription is required Diabetes accelerates hardening of the arteries of the bigger blood vessels, resulting in coronary coronary heart illness , strokes, and ache within the lower extremities due to lack of blood supply The therapy of low blood sugar consists of administering a quickly absorbed glucose supply These embody glucose containing drinks, such as orange juice, soft drinks not sugar free , or glucose tablets in doses of grams at a time.
It results from the body s failure to control blood sugar Long term hyperglycemia leads to harm to a number of organs like the retina, kidneys, arteries and so forth For this test, you quick in a single day, and the fasting blood sugar stage is measured Then you drink a sugary liquid, and blood sugar levels are tested periodically for the next two hours Quitting alcohol will assist your blood preventing low blood sugar proanna sugar ranges stabilize and scale back spikes in your blood sugar If you don t have target guidelines out of your healthcare supplier yet, you ought to use the blood sugar degree charts under.
With Diabetes kind 1 body s cells that produce insulin are destroyed A individual would what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar need to make use of insulin injections to manage their condition The subsequent chart displays all attainable blood sugar ranges together healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar with a brief clarification of what the indicators are A regular stage for a wholesome particular person is someplace between 72 mg dL 3eight to four mmol L and 108 mg dL 58 to 6 mmol L Blood sugar ranges may fluctuate Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar because of other causes Check his fasting blood sugar in the morning to see if being more lively improves his blood sugar.
Ninety per cent of Canadians with diabetes are living with type 2 diabetes Learn more about this illness and potential issues Getting used daibetes sleepy when high blood sugar to life with healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar diabetes could be difficult, but we ve obtained lots of information that will assist you discover ways to deal with and manage your condition effectively We ve got extra details about the signs and signs of diabetes, in addition to recommendation about what to do if you have some When you ve received type 1 diabetes, you can t make any insulin at all.
Unless you have diabetes, your physique regulates the quantity of glucose in your blood People with diabetes may have special diets and medicines to regulate blood glucose Client experiences of the dawn phenomena the How To Reduce Blood Sugar Level Immediately healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar place there is a surge in hormones between 0400 and 0500 that cause a spike in blood glucose levels If your blood sugar levels are too low, often under four mmol l, you could experience ahypo Hypos need to be handled instantly, in any other what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar case your blood sugar ranges will drop additional If this occurs, you might expertise asevere hypoand want emergency treatment.
TMA is a comparatively common operation performed to deal with a severely contaminated foot or a foot with lack of oxygen provide Surgeons resort to this sort of surgical procedure when all other nonsurgical options to avoid wasting the foot or limb have failed Removing the infected half prevents the an infection from spreading to the opposite parts of the limb and thus saves .
the limb in the long term Don t eat meals excessive in carbohydrates and what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar sugar such as buttered potatoes, fatty foods, sweet, and sugary desserts like cake with frosting Gestational diabetes for pregnant girls who develop an insulin resistance, this is known as gestational diabetes This sometimes goes away after giving birth but may be quite widespread through the second or third trimester when hormones change and make it onerous for insulin to work effectively.
Type 2 diabetes outcomes when the body doesn t use insulin correctly, a situation calledinsulin resistance At first, the pancreas makes extra healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar insulin to compensate, but in time, there isn t enough to keep blood glucose at normal ranges, based on the healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age CDC Carbohydrates have a huge effect in your blood sugar levels more so than fats and proteins so you should be smart about what kinds of carbs you eat.
There are about .
29 million individuals in the united states with sort 2 Another 84 million have prediabetes, meaning their blood sugar is healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar excessive but not high sufficient to be diabetes yet Ophthalmologists, neurologists, podiatrists, and nephrologists may be a my blood sugar was 82 half of the healthcare staff to ensure that patients with DM have enough screenings to forestall devastating microvascular problems.
Contrary to in style notion, there isn t any particular diabetes food plan In fact, it is the most effective eating plan for the whole family Sugary foods are OK every now and then, so long as they re counted as a Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar part of your meal plan If your blood sugar level is greater than regular, it only means you could have a higher danger of gestational diabetes Your physician will order a follow up test to find out if you have gestational diabetes.
But when someone has diabetes, this finely tuned system will get thrown out of whack In type 2 diabetes which accounts for 90 to 95 of diabetes in adults, in accordance with the CDC the body both can t make sufficient insulin or can t utilize insulin properly, according to the NIDDK If someone has prediabetes, their blood glucose might be higher than regular but not quite in the sort 2 diabetes vary yet, per the NIDDK what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar And in kind 1 diabetes, the physique doesn t make insulin or makes little or no Clients across the life span with diabetes have various clinical presentations.
T2DM is mostly seen in individuals older than forty five years Still, it s increasingly seen in children, adolescents, and youthful adults because of rising ranges of obesity, physical inactivity, and energy dense diets While losing 5 of your body weight is good, shedding at least 7 and keeping it healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar off seems to be perfect That means somebody who weighs one hundred eighty kilos can change their blood sugar levels by shedding round thirteen pounds.
Between 90 and 95 percent of all diabetes circumstances are kind 2, and the illness usually develops in people who find themselves older than forty five Astudy published in July 2017 in Diabetes Care found evidence that being breastfed as a child lowered therisk of type 1 diabetes Exercise can help you manage your weight and may improve your insulin sensitivity An straightforward method to begin exercising is to stroll for half hour a day or for 3 10 minute sessions if that s easier.
Diabetes healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar can occur quickly throughout being pregnant, and reports recommend that it happens in 2 to 10 of all pregnancies Significant hormonal adjustments during pregnancy can lead to blood sugar elevation in genetically predisposed individuals Blood sugar elevation during being pregnant known as gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes usually resolves once the child is born.
Obesity is a leading danger issue for diabetesCalculate your BMIto see whether or not you re at a wholesome weight If you re chubby or obese, begin making small changes to your consuming habits and get extra physical exercise Even a small quantity of weight reduction 7 , healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar or healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar about 14 kilos for a 200 pound woman can delay or even Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar stop sort 2 diabetes Over time, this additional glucose can result in prediabetes or diabetes Diabetes puts you at risk for different serious and life threatening health issues, such asheart illness, stroke, blindness, and kidney harm Kidney injury from diabetes is recognized as diabetic nephropathy.
Keep a glucagon package close by in case of a low blood sugar emergency and ensure your friends and family members know the means to use it Establish a relationship with a diabetes educator, and ask your diabetes therapy team for help when you need it Another class of medication known as SGLT2 inhibitors may be used They work by preventing the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar into healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar the blood Insulin cannot be taken orally to lower blood sugar as a end result of abdomen enzymes intervene with insulin s motion.
Tracking your blood sugar stage .
along together with your food plan and exercise enables you celebrities with type 2 diabetes to see the method to use food regimen and exercise to keep you on the right ranges and keep wholesome You also can present your healthcare provider your results to help them give you a better care plan Insulin and glucose levels in relation to protein, fat and carbohydrate intake Harvard Health additionally confirms that a normal blood sugar degree is less than a hundred mg dl after an eight hour fast.
Persons older than 40 years of age should be screened yearly More frequent screening is beneficial for people with extra risk components for diabetes Patients with diabetes mellitus most commonly present with increased thirst, increased urination, lack of energy and fatigue, bacterial and fungal infections, and delayed wound therapeutic.
Keeping observe of the variety How To Reduce Blood Sugar Level Immediately healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar of calories supplied by different meals can become difficult, so sufferers normally are suggested to seek the advice of a nutritionist or dietitian An individualized, simple to healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar manage food plan plan can be set up for every affected person Both the American Diabetes Association and the American Dietetic Association suggest diets based mostly on the use of food exchange lists Each meals change contains a known amount of calories within the form of protein, fats, or carbohydrate A patient s food regimen plan will include a certain variety of exchanges from every food class to be eaten at meal occasions and as snacks.
Blood sugar testing requires using a blood sugar meter The meter measures the amount of sugar in a small pattern of blood, usually from your fingertip, that you simply place on a disposable test strip Even when you use a CGM, you may still want a blood sugar meter to calibrate your CGM gadget every day Transmetatarsal amputation entails surgical removal of part of the foot that includes healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar the metatarsals.
It consists of cinnamon, which is a strong antioxidant which will help regulate your blood sugar levels Drinking in excess affects your body s capability to provide insulin Specifically, too much alcohol could cause inflammation Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar to the pancreas, which impairs your physique s capability to emit insulin To drink in moderation, stick to 1 to two drinks per day at most.
You also can work along with your physician and a registered dietitian to plot Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar a routine that s both preventative and sustainable The brain relies on glucose as its primary healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age vitality producing substance Low blood glucose signifies to the mind that there s want for meals intake and this triggers sensations of hunger Blood sugar or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of a human or animal Blood glucose is a tightly regulated biochemical parameter in blood.
Others require that you just verify your is ice cream bad for your blood sugar blood sugar by running the receiver over the sensor periodically People living with diabetes, notably these with kind 1 diabetes, can also select to use CGMs These gadgets measure your blood sugar every few minutes using a sensor inserted beneath the skin These sensors are typically worn for a week or two earlier than they must be modified.
Chronic stress releases hormones that healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar prevent insulin from working correctly The stress hormone Cortisol negatively affects your body s production of insulin and will increase your blood sugar levels It also can lower your immune system, contributing to worsened symptoms in case you have diabetes In persons with out kind 1 or type 2 diabetes, blood sugar levels typically vary between 70 to 130 mg dl.
The device automatically delivers the appropriate amount of insulin diabetes facts 2022 when the monitor signifies it is needed For acceptable glycemic management in clients with diabetes in non critical care settings, capillary blood glucose testing is the recommended healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar technique of testing In purchasers who re capable of consuming, blood glucose testing is really helpful earlier than what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar meals and at bedtime, and every 4 6 hours in purchasers receiving enteral healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age feeds and or are nil by oris.
Fat and protein will assist your physique absorb carbs more slowly and prevent spikes and troughs in your blood sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar In a wholesome individual, a standard blood glucose level is between seventy two mg dL 4 mmol L red hot chili peppers blood sugar vinyl and 108 mg dL 6 mmol L healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar When your body doesn t need to endure blood sugar spikes, you ll have the ability to decrease your chances of having critical problems.
A type of what foods are good to lower blood sugar DM that has traits of each sorts 1 and a couple of The affected person might have episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis however marked insulin resistance and an overweight physique sort It is the most typical complication of CF other than these situations that affect the lungs It is brought on by destruction of islet cells as nicely as a Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar decrease in sensitivity of the liver and muscles to the actions of insulin The illness normally first becomes clinically obvious in young adults.
It was much later within the 18th and 19th century that Johann Peter Frank 1745 1821 differentiated between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus In historic times and medieval ages diabetes was often a death sentence Aretaeus did attempt to treat it but couldn t give an excellent consequence Sushruta an Indian healer identified diabetes and categorized it as Madhumeha healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Here the word madhu means honey and combined the time period means sweet urine.
As the kidneys turn out to be impaired the creatinine level in the blood will rise Normal ranges of creatinine in the blood vary from gender and age of the individual How to Stop Anal Itching Anal itching is the irritation of the skin on the exit of the rectum, often identified as the anus, healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar accompanied by the desire to scratch Causes embrace every thing from irritating meals we eat, to sure ailments, healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar and infections Treatment choices embody over the counter drugs, utilizing moist pads, and gentle cleansing and drying of the anus.
In addition, prediabetes is another important analysis that signifies an elevated threat of developing diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a group of physiological dysfunctions characterised by hyperglycemia resulting directly from insulin resistance, insufficient insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon secretion Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells Type 2 diabetes , which is much more frequent, is primarily an issue of progressively impaired glucose regulation due to a when to take accurate blood sugar level combination of dysfunctional pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance The purpose of this article is to review the essential science of type 2 diabetes and its complications, and to debate the most recent treatment pointers The overarching aim of those efforts is to find out the genetic healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age underpinnings of this illness and translate that information into scientific and therapeutic interventions.
In sort 1 diabetes, the signs usually progress quickly and are often dramatic However, it is necessary to observe that many people who ve kind 2 diabetes might have no symptoms These individuals may discover out they have kind 2 diabetes when they go to the physician for another, unrelated drawback At the present, type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, and people dwelling with sort 1 diabetes depend upon insulin to stay alive There have been 2,800 total new cases of kind 1 diabetes in Australia in 2018, equating to 12 circumstances per a hundred,000 inhabitants after controlling for age Work is under way to refine methods for reporting kind 2 diabetes incidence.
A doctor can recommend a food regimen, exercise, and drugs plan based mostly on your needs Doctors look at your blood sugar levels, weight, and life style healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar to discover out what will effectively decrease your blood sugar Though basic guidelines can be found to switch your food plan and train routine, it is necessary to all the time talk to a health care provider earlier than making any huge life changes.
A further blood pattern is collected at two hours following the consumption of the glucose blood sugar and blood viscosity drink If your blood sugar ranges are over four hundred mg dL, you may be at risk for dehydration, says Dr Spratt During remedy, your docs will give you insulin to stabilize your blood sugar ranges and exchange any fluids you may need misplaced via urination or vomiting, in accordance with the US.
The number of occasions that you simply check your blood sugar will rely upon the type of diabetes that you ve and the type of drugs you re taking to deal with your diabetes For instance, individuals who take insulin could need to verify more often than people who don t take insulin Talk with your health care group about how often to verify your blood sugar If you sweat throughout work or exercise, that fluid must be replaced so you should drink more.
Some options could embrace supplements such as Garcinia Cambogia, which has proven results for increasing insulin sensitivity Another approach to check your common blood sugar ranges is through an A1C take a look at Others might need secondary results that assist decrease your blood sugar over time, like making you feel fuller so that you simply shed weight Others embody minerals and nutritional vitamins to support your hormonal degree, which may also affect your insulin ranges Blood sugar support dietary supplements work in quite a lot of methods, relying on the exact ingredients in the complement Most help your body s natural blood sugar regulation methods work even .
better.
It can cause symptoms like extreme thirst, icd 10 code for low blood sugar needing to pee lots and tiredness It can even increase your threat of getting critical problems along with your eyes, coronary heart and nerves If you think you may need help with your management plan, are depressed, are nervous about your memory, or have another issues, speak with your doctor.
Your pancreas doesn t make any insulin or enough insulin Organ protection with GLP 1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes The common variety of weeks it takes for an article to go through the editorial evaluate course of for this journal, together with healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age commonplace and desk rejects However, within the run as a lot as the end of the millennium, the scale of the problem has led China to become a rustic with certainly one of highest diabetes prevalence figures.
Hyperglycemia A condition where there is too much glucose or sugar within the blood Babies born to diabetic mothers have an elevated danger of healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar start defects and distress at birth Diabetic healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar peripheral neuropathy is a condition where nerve endings, notably within the legs and when is blood sugar hnighest feet, turn into much less delicate Diabetic foot ulcers are a specific problem since the patient doesn t really feel the pain of a blister, callous, or other minor harm.
Pre diabetes greatly will increase the danger of creating kind 2 diabetes The excellent news is that, in case you have prediabetes, you presumably can stop or delay the onset of full blown kind 2 diabetes by making lifestyle modifications These embody consuming a nutritious diet, reaching and maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising often Insulin is significant to patients with kind 1 diabetes they cannot stay with no supply of exogenous insulin Without insulin, patients with kind 1 diabetes develop severely elevated blood sugar ranges.
It has also healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar been efficacious together with pre meal rapid performing insulins in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes Another necessary factor in the elevated morbidity in African Americans with diabetes is racial disparities in health care Thus, SES, age, and entry to health care were not answerable for the discrepancy in quality of care Similarly, a study of US military veterans with diabetes found a discrepancy in care.
You can also stress eat whenever you feel stressed out for lengthy periods This is a physiological response to your body s cells being starved of glucose Consistently excessive quantities of cortisol, glucose, and insulin suppression sends starvation alerts to your brain that might trigger you to overeat When anxiousness will increase, cortisol provides healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar the physique with glucose from stores in the liver to power that fight or flight response Elevated cortisol over time means additional glucose floats around your body, raising your blood sugar.
However, it may be very important remember that the glycemic index simply predicts how someone s glucose will reply to food on common After taking distinctive personal differences into consideration, some individuals may even see a response larger or decrease than the average How you treat and forestall high blood sugar is determined by the cause and your overall health But generally, it will almost actually contain working with your medical group on a plan involving a Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar combine of lifestyle habits and medications that will help you greatest manage your well being.
Learn how root greens have an result on blood glucose and what you are capable of do to maintain your blood sugar ranges in verify By utilizing NutriSense s Continuous Glucose Monitoring system, you will get real time blood glucose readings proper in your telephone You can accurately measure the How To Reduce Blood Sugar Level Immediately healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar effects of food, sleep, exercise, and stress whereas working together with your private dietitian to find extra about your personal metabolic health Blueberries are low in calories and carbohydrates however excessive in dietary fiber.
This is because they are based mostly on individuals who have obtained a formal medical prognosis of diabetes However, Australian studies have proven that many people have undiagnosed diabetes For instance, half of the participants in the 1999 2000 AusDiab Study had check results indicating undiagnosed diabetes prior to taking how to lower blood sugar levels in s part within the research Dunstan et al 2001 In the newer 2011 12 ABS Australian Health Survey, which collected blood glucose knowledge, 20 of collaborating adults aged 18 and over had undiagnosed diabetes previous to the survey Further research is required to look at whether or not the proportion of people with undiagnosed diabetes in Australia has decreased over time and the influence of this on the prevalence of illness in Australia.
The glucose Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar in your blood serves as a major source of energy for all of the cells in your body There are different molecules your body could make for fuel if wanted, like ketones, but we ll keep the concentrate on glucose here for simplicity Anytime your signs don t match the number on your blood sugar meter, repeat the take a look at Don t count .
in your body to tell you in case your blood sugar is high or low most of the signs of highs and lows are similar People with diabetes are often reluctant to speak about it, but nerve damage from excessive blood sugar can also have an result on sexual response and function for men and women Don t be embarrassed to succeed in out to your physician for assist in any of those areas.
Insulin is used in the administration of kind 1 diabetes and a few circumstances of sort 2 diabetes Insulin remedy has a properly known adverse side impact of hypoglycemia if its administration is not managed successfully Patients with insulin dependent diabetes will profit from common blood glucose monitoring Regular daily blood glucose monitoring is recommended for those with diabetes and insulin 250 mg dl blood sugar remedy Gestational diabetes is diabetes healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar that develops during being pregnant.
Talk to your doctor about ways to stop smoking or to stop utilizing different forms of tobacco Get a flu shot every year, and your doctor could suggest the pneumonia vaccine, as well In some people who have type 1 diabetes, a pancreas transplant could also be an option With a successful pancreas transplant, Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar you d not want insulin therapy healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar People with sort 1 diabetes want insulin remedy to outlive.
To use Freestyle libre, you want to wear healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar a sensor on your upper arm The CGM reads the blood sugar level from the interstitial fluids underneath the pores and skin Check your blood sugar level frequently and healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar concentrate on the signs of a low blood sugar stage so you can deal with it rapidly But inform your diabetes group should you hold having hypos or when you cease having signs when your blood sugar degree is low You can also consult with your doctor for the most effective time to take your ranges and in addition to determine the consequences your food plan and exercise plan are having Your range may be different if you have different well being conditions or in case your blood sugar is commonly low or high.
In uncommon cases of uncontrolled diabetes, cats could experience harm to the nerves within the hind limbs, resulting in a plantigrade stance of the hind limbs This isn t painful, and will typically resolve with therapy Kidney dialysis A .
process where blood is filtered through a dialysis machine to remove waste merchandise that may normally be removed by the kidneys The filtered blood is then circulated again into the patient Insulin A hormone or chemical produced by the pancreas, insulin is required by cells of the physique in order to use glucose , the physique s primary source of energy African American children have a decrease prevalence of insulin resistance than healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar white children.
The injury to your eyes starts when sugar blocks the tiny blood vessels that go to your retina, causing them to leak fluid or bleed To make up for these blocked blood vessels, your eyes then grow new blood vessels that don t work properly In later levels of the disease, blood vessels within the retina begin to bleed into the vitreous gel like fluid that fills your eye If this occurs, you could see dark, floating spots or streaks that seem like cobwebs Sometimes, the spots clear up on their very own but it s important to get therapy immediately Without treatment, the bleeding can happen again, worsen, or trigger scarring.
Others can be found as injectable drugs, for instance, the GLP 1 agonist semaglutide Ozempic and lixisenatide Adlyxin The most typical way to examine your healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar blood glucose stage is with a blood glucose meter With this test, you prick the aspect of your finger, apply the drop of blood to a take a look at strip, insert the strip into the meter and the meter will present your glucose level at that moment in time Your healthcare provider healthy morning blood sugar levels will let you know how often you ll have to verify your glucose stage Checking your blood glucose degree is important as a result of the outcomes help guide decisions about what to eat, your bodily activity and any needed treatment and insulin adjustments or additions You should be examined for diabetes if you are between 40 and 70 years old and are obese or obese.
Some Machines, together with the blood sugar level studying, have plenty of different options too One should at all times buy a comfortable machine and whose capabilities and features are familiar and straightforward to use Because buying a CGM machine with high end features and not being ready to use them is a waste of money Sometimes there is no apparent purpose why a low blood sugar stage occurs.
If you ve diabetes, it is crucial to keep your blood sugar, or glucose, ranges inside a wholesome vary But importantly, it ll help you stay healthy and stop severe diabetes issues now and sooner or later By problems, we imply can low blood sugar kill people with diabetes severe issues in places like your toes and your eyes This occurs because canbudesonide affect blood sugar too much sugar in the blood damages your blood vessels, making it tougher for blood to circulate round your physique This can lead to very critical problems like sight loss and healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar needing an amputation If you take sure medicine, like insulin or sulphonylureas, checking your blood sugars is a vital a half of living with healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Normal Blood Sugar Levels Chart diabetes.
High levels of blood sugar may cause adjustments that lead to a hardening of the blood vessels, what docs call atherosclerosis High sugar ranges slowly erode the flexibility of cells in your pancreas to make insulin The organ overcompensates and insulin levels keep too excessive.
Therefore, the blood sugar glucose does not obtain enough to keep the levels regular For these with a normal blood sugar level, this will be dry red wine and blood sugar levels due to eating the proper meals and your physique being able to produce and reply to insulin Blood sugar ranges, also recognized as blood glucose stage, is the extent of sugar glucose present within the blood Glucose is a straightforward model of sugar which comes from the food we eat Therefore, the extra food you consume with high sugar levels over a period of time, will typically increase your blood sugar degree.
If the level healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar goes too low, your body may launch what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar catecholamine hormones to trigger an increase within the stage of glucose in the blood If blood glucose goes too high, your body will release healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar insulin and different hormones to appropriate the level back all healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar the way down to an acceptable vary If you ve diabetes, keep your blood glucose meter and sources of fast healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar acting glucose close by in case your blood sugar drops This is very necessary for people with hypoglycemia unawareness, which is a situation that causes signs of low blood sugar to go unnoticed It s a fragile stability to take care of, so the next record can help you become familiar with elements that can trigger your blood glucose ranges to go up or down I converse with Molly Downey about blood sugar balance and how a steady glucose monitor can help you obtain better machine for blood sugar glucose levels.
While there are numerous ingredients that can be utilized to make a scrumptious soup, we ve chosen 9 of our favorites These healthy soups are certain to assist you stay on observe together with your diabetes administration and weight loss goals Cheri shares what supplements for low blood sugar Continuous Glucose Monitor is and what components affect your glucose levels that can, in turn, affect your general well being Did you know that roughly 80 pc of dieters who lose weight find yourself regaining it Find out how to create and maintain wholesome habits to hold up your goal weight after hitting your weight loss targets Oats have medium to excessive amounts of dissolvable fiber, which is essential for blood sugar management.
In this interview, we converse to Dr Gareth Hollands about his latest analysis that investigated the utilization of medical imaging to minimize back health risks and what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar encourage behavior change Since the molecular weight healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar of glucose, C6H12O6, is about 180 g mol, when calculated the whole quantity of glucose usually in circulating human blood is round threethree to 7g While choosing a Blood Sugar monitor CGM, different parameters must be taken care of, which differ from individual to individual.
Although there are theories as to how these problems may be related, none has but been proved This could additionally healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar be since you tend to exercise much less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as you age healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar But kind 2 diabetes is also rising among youngsters, adolescents and younger adults.
There are quite lots of meal planning techniques that can be utilized by the affected person with diabetes every has benefits and drawbacks that need to be evaluated so as to maximize compliance Two of the most regularly used ones are the exchange system and the carbohydrate counting system 1Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its issues In sufferers with basic symptoms of hyperglycemia , random plasma glucose greater than 200 mg dL can additionally be sufficient to diagnose DM In T1DM, there s cellular mediated, autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells The main histocompatibility advanced , also referred to as human leukocyte healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar antigens , is reported to account for about 40 to 50 of the Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar familial aggregation of T1DM.
Sometimes infants of moms with gestational diabetes develop low blood sugar shortly after delivery as a result of their very own insulin manufacturing is excessive Prompt feedings healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar and sometimes an intravenous healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar glucose solution can return the infant s blood sugar degree to normal As a worldwide chief in diabetes care, Abbott Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar is constantly working to deliver the highest quality merchandise and unwavering support to our prospects.
With this Blood Sugar Chart spreadsheet you can enter your blood sugar take a look at results and see those outcomes plotted on a graph along together with your really helpful upper and decrease blood sugar ranges When you measure your blood sugar ranges, you re not always next to your computer This printable blood sugar log permits you to write down your results irrespective of where you would possibly be Normal glucose levels in a healthy particular person are between seventy two and 108 mg dL which equals to fourzero what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar to sixzero mmol L.
Although having diabetes could not essentially enhance your danger of contracting COVID 19, when you do get the virus, you usually have a tendency to have extra extreme problems If what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar you contract COVID 19, your blood sugars are more probably to enhance as your body is working to clear the an infection If you contract COVID 19, contact your healthcare team early to let them know.
Insulin resistance is a precursor to glucose intolerance and overt diabetes The issue of insulin .
resistance amongst African Americans is sort of problematic Genetic traits, the prevalence of weight problems, and insulin resistance all contribute to the risk of diabetes within the African American community African Americans have a high price healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar of diabetic problems, due to poor glycaemic control and racial disparities in health care in the USA.
It can additionally be really helpful that girls with a historical past of GDM bear lifelong screening for the development of diabetes or prediabetes no much less than every three years If your eye doctor thinks you might have severe diabetic retinopathy or DME, they might do a test known as a fluorescein angiogram This take a look at lets the physician healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar see pictures of the blood vessels in your retina Having diabetes nearly doubles your danger of growing a sort of glaucoma called open angle glaucoma.
Racial and ethnic minorities within the USA receive decrease high quality well being care Take time to take a look at your ft daily for any red patches If you have sores, blisters, breaks in the skin, infections, or build up of calluses, .
see a foot physician, called a podiatrist In response to the COVID 19 pandemic, some pharmaceutical companies have launched initiatives to assist individuals with diabetes acquire the medications and The new recommendations apply to people with a high BMI and goal to establish silent cases of diabetes so that medical doctors may prescribe immediate remedy.
Cutting back on sugary MBA healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar meals can imply a slimmer waistline as well as a lower danger of diabetes If you or a beloved one has been diagnosed with diabetes, be taught more concerning the steps you ll have the ability to take to assemble a diabetes care group If left untreated or improperly managed, prediabetes can lead to kind 2 diabetes and related problems.
We try to answer your medical queries in an organized and well timed manner We also understand how important rising evidence is to creating informed choices to supply patients with quality MBA healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar care BD has leveraged deep experience and superior applied sciences to continuously innovate our pen needles, insulin syringes and other products healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Our products are diligently designed to allow people who are residing with diabetes to benefit from snug, efficient diabetes care Insulin could additionally be given to keep the mom s blood sugar in a standard vary to forestall the infant s blood sugar from dropping excessively after supply In addition, girls with recognized GDM should be healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar screened for persistent diabetes 6 to 12 weeks postpartum.
If you re not inclined to do that, your meter will seize up to a certain number of glucose values and permit you to obtain them to a computer for your viewing pleasure Managing diabetes doesn t mean you can accutane high blood sugar should sacrifice having fun with meals you crave Diabetes Self Management presents over 900 diabetes pleasant recipes to choose from together with desserts, low carb pasta dishes, savory main meals, grilled options and more.
Most fruits naturally have a low glycemic index because of the fructose and fiber they contain Verywell Health s content material is for informational and academic purposes solely Our web site isn t intended to be a substitute for skilled medical recommendation, analysis, or therapy Lark Diabetes Coach comes with a complete house glucometer equipment that s shipped to you and How To Reduce Blood Sugar Level Immediately healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar is straightforward to set up The Lark app walks you thru setup and reminds you when to take your blood sugar.
All lectures are supplied by high profile scientists from one the world s leading universities in diabetes research As the placenta grows, more of these hormones are produced, and the danger of insulin resistance becomes higher In later phases, it s essential to begin out therapy immediately especially in case you have changes in your imaginative and prescient.
All the themes acquired their major care inside the Veterans Affairs well being care system therefore, SES how often should you check blood sugar on tpn and access to care were not elements Millions of older Americans have prediabetes This means their glucose ranges are greater than normal but not high enough to be known as diabetes People with prediabetes have a larger likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and having a coronary heart assault or stroke.
That s trigger for concern since untreated diabetes can lead to many critical medical problemsincluding cardiovascular disease Once these cells are destroyed, the pancreas produces little or no insulin, so glucose stays in the blood When there s too much glucose in the blood, especially for extended periods, the organ techniques within the body suffer long term damage.
Checking your blood sugar frequently and taking quick motion when it is above range can reduce your risk of healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar issues There s healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar by no healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar means been a better time to make use of cutting edge know how to quantify and optimize your health This episode is all about tips on how to optimize your well being utilizing information from a steady glucose monitor Learn every little thing you have to know in regards to the relationship between triglycerides levels and blood glucose.
If you ve diabetes, your healthcare provider might prescribe insulin to assist hold your blood sugar inside the regular range When your blood sugar is high, it is best to keep away from foods that can add to the problem, like meals with simple carbohydrates, or refined sugars Stick to foods with a low glycemic load, like non starchy vegetables, whole grains, and foods with extra healthy fat and protein Foods with fiber may help sluggish the release of blood sugar and thus are helpful when blood sugar is excessive.
Blood glucose monitoring is an important part of case administration in purchasers with diabetes Having very excessive or very low levels of blood glucose might impair mobile operate and may be lethal if not managed appropriately Stress related hyperglycemia can also be seen in shoppers who have skilled an acute medical and or surgical occasion.
Your physician may also include all the data in the medical historical past kind for future reference This monthly blood sugar log is an ideal approach to record the tendencies Then select actions you take pleasure in, such as walking, swimming or biking What s most necessary is making bodily activity part of your daily routine.
Many of those dietary supplements contain issues like cinnamon or berberine, which have each lowered blood sugar ranges in clinical trials These supplements usually are not cures, but they will add to your general success, particularly when paired with a healthy diet While this supplement is designed to help your blood sugar levels firstly, it could additionally Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar help weight reduction and scale back sugar absorption Be aware of how, when, and why your blood sugar fluctuates Even should you follow a strict food regimen and exercise plan, your blood sugar levels may change unpredictably, particularly in case you have diabetes.
This healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar is one healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar other scientifically formulated complement that features 20 completely different ingredients It contains a unique mixture of components like licorice, cayenne, and juniper berry For these attempting to shed weight, this supplement could be particularly helpful because it improves your metabolic fee This supplement may also be useful for those seeking to shed pounds since it helps regulate cellular metabolism as properly Blood sugar levels are inclined to rise in an hour or two following a meal.
Your pancreas makes moitering blood sugar insulin but your body s cells don t reply to it and can t use it as it usually should If you could have sort 1 or type 2 diabetes, you ll find a way to have a healthy pregnancy If you ve diabetes and also you need to have a baby, you have to plan ahead,beforeyou get pregnant Aim for half hour of bodily activity most days of the week and limit the period of time you spend sitting Researchers are nonetheless on the lookout for ways to stop sort 1 what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar which antidepressant does not cause high blood sugar diabetes in ladies and women by studying their shut relations who have diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Quiz Metabolic syndrome is severe and you ought to be involved.
It is suggested to seek medical help when you have issues or consistent signs Never depart the signs untreated as symptoms can worsen and trigger extra damage It is advised for anybody chubby, particularly these over forty years old, should get a diabetes take a look at This is to take precautions and forestall you from having an irregular blood sugar stage Medications equally, medicines can cause a rise in blood sugar levels.
Exercising at least a hundred and fifty minutes per week and shedding about healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar 7 of your physique weight may prevent or delay sort 2 diabetes An artificial pancreas is also called closed loop insulin supply The implanted system hyperlinks a continuous glucose monitor, which checks blood sugar levels every 5 minutes, to an insulin pump.
Some meters can take a look at blood taken from an alternate website, such because the forearm or palm But these readings may not what happens if your blood sugar goes to 0 be as correct as readings from the fingertips, particularly after a meal or during train, when blood sugar levels change extra incessantly Alternate websites aren t really helpful for use in calibrating CGMs The strip will show your blood sugar degree in both mg dL and mmol L People with sort 2 diabetes could expertise signs of high or low blood sugar.
They could enhance your insulin sensitivity, which makes your body react to less insulin This helps counteract the results of diabetes, which does the precise reverse Sometimes, these supplements may enhance the quantity of glucose your cells use, successfully decreasing your blood sugar.
There is the next prevalence of autoimmune markers in How To Reduce Blood Sugar Level Immediately healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar African American diabetic sufferers than white diabetic patients Intensive treatment of a newly identified African American diabetic affected person might lead to remission of the diabetes Metformin is mostly really helpful as initial pharmacological remedy for obese diabetic patients.
Left untreated, cuts and blisters can develop severe infections, which often heal poorly These infections may in the end require toe, foot or leg amputation Diabetes can harm the blood vessels of the retina , potentially resulting in blindness.
Diabetes additionally increases the risk of different serious imaginative and prescient circumstances, such as cataracts and glaucoma The kidneys comprise millions of tiny blood vessel clusters that filter waste out of your blood Severe injury can result in kidney failure or irreversible end stage kidney illness, which can require dialysis or a kidney transplant Diabetes dramatically increases the risk of assorted cardiovascular issues, together with coronary artery illness with chest pain , coronary heart attack, stroke and narrowing of arteries.
Following delivery, the child may Blood Sugar Chart what foods are good to lower blood sugar expertise low blood glucose ranges, particularly if the mother s blood glucose levels had been raised before the delivery People with diabetes have high blood Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar glucose ranges attributable to a problem with the hormone insulin Several lab exams are helpful within the administration of continual DM Home glucose testing can present developments of hyper and hypoglycemia.
For kids between the age of 6 and 12, earlier than consuming, blood sugar levels should be between ninety mg dL 5 mmol L and 180 mg dL 10 mmol L Before sleep values ought to be between 100 mg dL 55 mmol L and 180 mg dL 10 mmol L For a healthy grownup a normal level is between 72 mg dL and 108 mg dL 4 to six mmol L The focus of glucose within the blood of a wholesome person in the morning on an empty abdomen is between sixty eight mg dL and 108 mg dL 3eight and 60 mmol L Two hours after consuming foods or drinks rich in carbohydrates, the values are often between one hundred twenty and a hundred and forty mg dL 67 and seveneight mmol L If blood sugar levels are both increased or decreased by a higher margin healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar than anticipated this would possibly point out a medical condition.
A fasting blood sugar degree of lower than 100 mg dL is taken healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar into account normal in folks with out diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association Compare your meter with a blood glucose test performed in a laboratory Take your meter with you to your next appointment along with your well being care provider Ask your provider to watch your testing technique to ensure you are using the meter appropriately Ask your health care provider to have healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar your blood examined with a laboratory technique.
Boasting a glycemic index score of zero, cod liver oil MBA healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar is easy to add to your every day routine You can take it in oil what foods are good to lower blood sugar Signs Of High Blood Sugar kind or capsule kind, relying on your desire It s crucial to find legumes that are MBA healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar not in syrups, sauces, or marinades, although, as these healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar improve the glycemic index Her How To Reduce Blood Sugar Level Immediately healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar definition of wellness consists of plenty of yoga, coffee, cats, meditation, self help books, and kitchen experiments with mixed outcomes Consistent hyperglycemia can weaken the body s immune response, in accordance with the CDC This makes it harder for your body to battle healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar off some infections, making them more frequent, lingering, or serious.
Chronic excessive blood glucose levels can result in complications corresponding to heart, kidney and eye disease, in addition to nerve damage Our free blood sugar chart lets you track your blood sugar levels all through the day It also lets you enter in normal blood sugar ranges, each excessive and low, so you can see how properly you may be staying within your healthy range Next to each entry, you ll have the ability to enter notes about healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age your medicine, diet and train, to see how they have an result on your levels.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, involving inappropriately elevated blood glucose levels DM has a quantity of categories, together with type 1, type 2, maturity onset diabetes of the young , gestational diabetes, neonatal diabetes, and secondary causes due to endocrinopathies, steroid use, etc The major subtypes of DM are Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Type 2 diabetes mellitus , which classically end result from defective insulin secretion and or motion T1DM presents in children or adolescents, whereas T2DM is thought to affect middle aged and older adults who have extended hyperglycemia because of poor way of life and dietary selections The pathogenesis for T1DM and T2DM is drastically totally different, and therefore every type has varied etiologies, shows, and coverings.
Since DM is a fancy illness, it requires an interprofessional team approach to management Nurse practitioners and physician assistants could be important to making sure proper patient follow ups healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age and monitoring the efficacy of treatments Nutritionists and diabetes educators also can present consultations to assist educate patients on applicable way of life modifications and at home glucose administration Renal disease is one other important reason healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar for morbidity and mortality in DM patients Once macroalbuminuria greater than 300 mg 24 hr sets in, the development to ESRD hastens up The random healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart By Age spot urine specimen for measurement of the albumin to creatinine ratio is a fast, straightforward, predictable method that is the most widely used and most well liked technique to detect microalbuminuria.
Regularly having excessive blood sugar ranges for long durations of time may find yourself in permanent damage to parts of the body such because the eyes, nerves, kidneys and blood vessels Only a medical professional can diagnose diabetes or one other concern along with your blood sugar, so should you re concerned about your blood sugar ranges, check with a physician With kind healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar 2 diabetes your physique does not use insulin correctly Over the time a patient s Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar condition worsens as body healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar cannot make enough insulin to maintain blood glucose at regular ranges When being examined for diabetes by a impaired fasting glycemia take a look at, blood sugar levels will Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar normally be taken after around eight hours of fasting.
This will involve a small prick in your finger so obtain a blood pattern Managing blood sugar levels is easy to do at house if you know the best measures to take Treatments are totally different for top and low blood sugar levels Causes of low blood sugar levels are very completely different and are as necessary to concentrate to, as they re in reality simpler to regulate.
My sugar stage in the early morning is 61 to 6eight just in the early morning During the day and after lunch in 2 hours never above 6 what range is considered low blood sugar What does that imply If my fathers all check up values are normal solely sugar worth before lunch is153 and after lunch is 307is it possible Learning tips on how to use pure means to keep both within regular ranges My age is 52 and my sugar stage is 229 so plz suggest me my sugar degree regular or exceeded.
Whole and unprocessed healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar nuts and nut butter have very low glycemic index scores of less than 20 Nuts are excessive in fiber and make a fantastic snack meals or addition to meals Nut butter is a robust choice to help satisfy your candy tooth with out Signs Of High Blood Sugar healthy snacks to prevent low blood sugar the main spike in your blood sugar Every time you flip on your meter, it does an electronic examine Look in your meter s manual to see what the error codes imply and tips on how to fix the issue If you are uncertain if your meter is working properly, name the toll free number in your meter s handbook, or contact your health care provider.